Entries in the 'Nations of the World' Category

ISIS: We Will Fly The Jihad Flag Above The Vatican

Dr. Michael Laitman

In the News (from New York Post): “The fanatical jihadists have published an image of their black flag with white Arab lettering flying above the Vatican on the cover of their English-language magazine Dabiq.

“The cover story, ‘The Failed Crusade,’ envisions the ancient Italian city under the rule of a Caliph and a hardline Sharia regime, according to the Jerusalem Post.

“‘The Islamic State claims it will one day conquer Rome, threatening to “break [the] crosses” of infidels and sell and trade their women.”…

“Pope Francis has called for international action to stop the group and backed the US-led coalition that has been striking ISIS targets.”

My Comment: In the prophecies of the correction of the world, which, according to Kabbalists, must be realized beginning with our time, and further, the war of Islam against the Christian world is indicated as the first phase of the correction of the world.
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Medicine From An Upper Level

Dr. Michael LaitmanQuestion: Billions of people have been studying the Torah in different ways (in Judaism, Christianity and Islam) for ages and have not managed to find the way.

Answer: We as yet don’t understand the uniqueness of the spiritual vessels. If they don’t exist in a person, he cannot picture, understand or feel them in any way. No one can jump above his level.

We can try to explain and teach this to a person for 10 or 20 years, but he will be able to open his ears and heart to hear what the Torah says, only after a Light from above, a spirit from above, is revealed to him. But unless the upper Light and spirit from above are revealed to him, he is unable to hear anything.

The difference between an animal and a human being is actually in whether his heart opens up to what the Torah says or not. This is possible only by the action of the Light.

Therefore you can look at billions of researchers and billions of sufferers and see that they cannot attain anything. It is as if you have a million sick cows. Will their suffering help them be cured of their disease? They will not be able to overcome or get rid of it by themselves. Only a human being can save them and cure them, an expert who knows and who brings them the right medicine, which means he who draws the Light.

Only from an upper level is it possible to correct a state we see in our life and in this world. Unless the Light appears and influences us, it is impossible to do anything. All we can do is treat people patiently in order to gradually prepare them to receive the Light on their level.

The Light appears and operates as the Surrounding Light, from a distance, as a general illumination, and a person gradually acquires a mind and feelings. The ego, the evil inclination, grows inside him, which means attributes that are opposite to the Light, in order to highlight this even more.

Thus, we shouldn’t be impressed by the fact that our world is full of clever people and at the same time is in crisis. The correction comes only by the upper force and we cannot do this by ourselves. The preparation for it is our only responsibility.
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From the 1st part of the Daily Kabbalah Lesson 10/17/14, Writings of Rabash

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Like Sheep Facing Wolves

Dr. Michael LaitmanQuestion: After the First and Second Temples were destroyed, did the Jewish people feel and remember their foundation established by Abraham? Did the people of Israel remember around what they were created and consolidated? Did this foundation live among them?

Answer: Yes and no.

After the destruction of the Second Temple, the people fell from seeing the inner picture of reality, the managing forces, everything that happens in the world, and again found themselves in mutual hatred, mutual rejection, and mutual distance from each other, with an indifference that characterizes us even today.

Exiled from the land of Israel, we passed through many lands and turned to the West, to Europe, to the East, to the Arab nations, and we began to sink into apathy. Since then, what has held us together is not the power of love, nor belonging to one idea, not mutuality, not connection, and not mutual help without any calculations, but only the desire to survive. We were stuck to each other like sheep flocking together and facing wolves, but we didn’t hold ourselves together.

Basically our situation has been like this throughout the entire exile until this very day, which is the entire two thousand years.

Question: What role did religion fulfill in this?

Answer: Religion helped people in this state of absolute detachment from spiritual sources, from understanding, from everything. It simply strengthened and supported them in this low and abject state so that people could be involved in carrying out some kind of worldly activities, also called Mitzvot, and thus would maintain themselves in this manner. Religion is what is left and what was given to the people after the destruction of the Temple, instead of the wisdom of Kabbalah.

The wisdom of Kabbalah opens the heavens, reveals the Creator, and reveals the power of unity to the people. Through realizing it between them, they discover the Creator, who is found among them, and who makes it possible for them to live within a sensation of a completely different reality.

And when all of this was lost, we acquired our present form. This pertains to everyone, except for a few Kabbalists in every generation who wrote books and developed this method, and who continue to work to attain the Creator and unity between us.
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From KabTV’s “Babylon Yesterday and Today” 9/24/14, Part 7

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The Truth About The Three Religions, Part 1

Dr. Michael LaitmanQuestion: Why has Islamic religious fanaticism become so strong in recent years? Islam began its journey to the West and is gradually conquering Europe and the United States. Today in Europe there are 54 million Muslims; 7 million Muslims are living in France alone.

The trend towards Islamization is gaining momentum, but worst of all is that it is amplified in the radical, extremist movements. In today’s Europe there are “Muslim ghettos” into which both residents and the police are afraid to enter. They conduct their closed lives in these places together with the Mosques and a legal system according to the laws of Islam.

This phenomenon has grown to threatening dimensions and has gradually gone beyond governmental control. The culture war began in central Europe, which had been an example of freedom, democracy, equal rights, and pluralism.

Suddenly a foreign body is beginning to develop within it that is opposed to all of its basic principles—radical Islam—bringing us back to the distant past regarding the equality of women and additional modern achievements.

The Dutch MP, Geert Wilders, founder of the “Freedom” party, made a speech warning of the great danger that threatens Europe. In his opinion, we are in the last stages of the process of the Islamization of Europe that threatens not only its existence but also the United States and all of Western civilization because it is leading to extremism, violence, and intifada.

Why has the popularity of radical Islam grown so much, in particular among the young?

Answer: The idea is that we have reached the last stage of the process of human development that has been happening for thousands of years. Human civilization emerged from ancient Babylon and developed in two directions: Part of the people followed Abraham and the other part were scattered all over the world. After that, the doctrine of Abraham became the foundation of the three world religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

These religions developed in that order, one after the other. Judaism developed directly from Abraham. Christianity was founded around 2,000 years ago when the first Christian communities appeared. And Islam only appeared in the 7th century.

A relative flowering and decline of every religion happens according to these stages. Judaism flourished in its true form until the destruction of the Beit HaMikdash (temple). After the destruction, the Jewish people neglected the principle of “Love your neighbor as yourself,” that was the foundation of the doctrine of Abraham, and so it went into exile. This was a spiritual exile from the altruistic state, a fall from brotherly love into hatred.

Christianity flourished until the Middle Ages, and after that it began to decline, change, and split with the formation of the Protestant movement.

Islam was in a long dormancy and didn’t express itself in its full power. And only lately, when Judaism and Christianity became so weakened that they stopped determining the form of society, then it began to become stronger. And indeed, it is written in the Torah that in the end of days, in the last stage of human development, Islam would accumulate great power, as was written about Ishmael, (Genesis 16:12) “…his hand shall be against every man, and every man’s hand against him… ,” meaning that this religion would ascend above all.

Judaism flowered for the first 2,000 years after the departure of Abraham from ancient Babylon, meaning approximately until the beginning of the common era. This was a period when Judaism existed in its true spiritual form and in its full power. Yet after that the Jewish people fell from their spiritual level and began to sink into physical desires. Therefore they went into exile. Every generation sank deeper than its predecessor.

After the burst of Judaism, the Christian surge began. Christianity developed in a storm until it squeezed itself out. Today we are in the period of the decline of Christianity, which has lost its former power. In Europe, to be a Christian, nothing is required except for a necklace with a cross around the neck.

In some places Christian fanatics still remain, but these are not people who were Christians from the start, these accepted Christianity in a more recent period, as in South America, for example. For them, Christianity is still a relatively new religion. It had already existed for 2,000 years and it reached America through the missionaries only after it was discovered by Columbus 500 years ago. So there are still devout Christians in America..

Islam in our day is truly beginning to be awakened. Until now, it was in its incubation period. After 2,000 years of the blossoming of Judaism and after that the 2,000 years of the flourishing of Christianity, Islam’s turn has arrived.
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From KabTV’s “A New Life” 8/31/14

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Right-Wing Extremism In Europe, Part 2

Dr. Michael Laitman

This Old, Old World

Question: Europe has already had bitter experiences; it has known so many wars. Why doesn’t it try to break the present trend of xenophobia?

Answer: We live in different times. Contemporary modern Europe is not prepared to fight. For example, when I was in Germany I talked with politicians, mayors, and public figures; they admitted to me that people are simply exhausted, subconsciously exhausted. Clearly, it is possible to go out and protest with loud voices, but basically, the Europeans are not prepared to resist what is happening.

What is it that apparently prevents the leaders or others who appear to be unanimously against ideas that bankrupt multiculturalism, against disturbances to the “non-indigenous” sectors,  from taking to street demonstration? But no, people are not prepared to protest. The time of battles has passed, and today they are not ready to fight.

Basically nothing serious stands behind even the neo-Nazi proclamations. These are not the fascists who led the torchlight parades of the 20th century.

Question: And yet people are voting for the extreme right-wingers, adding political weight to them.

Answer: It is political, but no more than this. They are not ready and are not prepared for a true war within Europe. The Europeans have no power and no incentive. They have aged, and this is very noticeable. Even though people disagree somewhat with what is happening, and even though the young still go out into the streets here and there, in general the old world has aged and weakened and put up its hands.
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From KabTV’s  “A New Life” 9/9/14

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The Jews Were, Are And Will Be Blamed For Everything

Dr. Michael LaitmanFrom M. Brushtein:

During those recent hot days, the Hamas missiles, accompanied by alarms, regularly visited the entire territory of the nation of Israel. In the meantime, the anti-missile system, the Iron Dome, was successful in intercepting those uninvited guests. Then the IDF initiated a ground operation.

Along with this, deep within our hearts, everyone understood that there was no military, political or other rational solution to this problem. It was possible to try to diminish the problem on the agenda, to confuse everyone or pretend that it didn’t exist, but there was no true solution, and there won’t be.

Why is it impossible to convince, relax, or ultimately annihilate those who hate Israel? It is because everyone feels, or at least assumes, that Israel/Jews always are to blame for everything.

The Jews were, are, and will be to blame for everything. They all are to blame, even those who are only about to be born. The Jews are to blame for establishing the Soviet police, and they also are to blame for destroying this police. The Jews who leave are to blame for leaving, and the Jews who stay are to blame for staying. (V. Boinovich, Russian author, poet and playwright)

There are those who think that people learned a lesson from the Holocaust. Certainly now, everyone in the world hates the Zionists and not the Jews. They hate Israel and everything related to it.

A little while ago, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) published a statistical report on the level of anti-Semitism. According to their data, more than a quarter of the population of the globe feels great hostility towards the Jews. In simple words, they are anti-Semites. The statistics are wrong because there are many more anti-Semites. Simply, some admit it and some still don’t.

All of the people among which we live, all of them together and each one separately are anti-Semites, expressed or implied. (Chaim Weitzmann, first president of the nation of Israel).

Both the Jews and those who are not Jews ultimately must recognize that the source of this attitude toward the Jews is beyond all rational understanding.

Who, for example, at the end of the forties, would seriously and openly preach that hatred of the Jews would be similar to what is happening today in Germany? (Historical Literary Collection).

Guess when these lines were published. Was it in the year 2014? Maybe it was in 1980, but no, it was in the year 1880. Also, a hundred years ago and a thousand years ago, the attitude toward Jews has not changed. In the best of circumstances, people tolerated them, and, at worst, they would annihilate them. Behind all of our attempts to find a logical reason for hatred toward the Jews is concealed the hope of finding a rational solution to this problem.

It is worthwhile to stop searching for logical solutions and, on the contrary, try to search for something illogical.

Anti-Semitism is irrational and is not subject to the dictates of reason”(George Orwell, English author and journalist).

In the year 1940, the first (and evidently the last) edition of the newspaper, The Nation, was published. An excerpt from the article:

“This newspaper The Nation is a new creation. It is a type of creature that is born in distress, in difficult and terrible birth pangs: from the poison of hatred that empowered the nations of the world to annihilate us from the face of the earth, the threat of extinction of millions of our brothers, and still their hands are outstretched—this sadistic creation in them knows no satisfaction. And further, the disaster doubles; we cannot delude ourselves that all of this is only a temporary passing phenomenon.” (Baal HaSulam).

And this is what this author writes about the solution to the problem:

“So, I said that we need to arrange a unique education for ourselves through a widespread campaign, to insert into each one of us feelings of a national love touching from one individual to another and from these individuals to the whole, to restore and reveal the national love that was implanted among us when we were on our land as a nation among nations. And this work comes before anything else, for besides its being fundamental—it also gives stature and success to all kinds of activities that we want to do in this field.” (Baal HaSulam).

A solution like this will confuse every normal person. What is the connection between what happened to European Jewry and the education for national love among the Jews who live in the land of Israel? It is true that we don’t see a direct connection, and, on the other hand, we say that there is no direct and rational connection to the Jewish problem.

The person who suggested this illogical solution Baal HaSulam (Rabbi Yehudah Ashlag, 1884-1954), was the greatest Kabbalist of the 20th century. He wrote the commentary on The Book of Zohar. It is interesting that a similar solution to the problem has been suggested not only by Kabbalists, but by anti-Semites.

“An obligation is imposed upon the Jewish people to fulfill the ancient prophecies that establish that all of the nations of the world will be blessed through them, and for this, they are obligated to begin to carry out this new service.” (Henry Ford, American automobile manufacturer, printed and distributed the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion”)

And so we are obliged to clarify which prophecies he is talking about.

“For I will take you from among the nations, and gather you out of all the countries, and will bring you into your own land. And I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean; from all your uncleannesses, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you. A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you; and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you a heart of flesh.” (Ezekiel 36:24-26.).

Whatever it may be, our historical experience proves that the problem of anti-Semitism has existed and still exists. Not only our neighbors, but all the nations of the world will not leave us alone. The rational solution is peace for the territory in exchange for something else which we won’t accept, which everybody knows. Is it perhaps worthwhile to try and solve this problem irrationally, as Baal HaSulam writes? If others believe it, why shouldn’t we believe it?

“I believe that a wonderful future will be revealed for the Jews, not as a nation managed by someone, but as the realization of the great ideals of our civilization.” (Harry Truman, 33rd President of the United States).
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The Essential Secret Of The Jews, Part 67

From the book The Essential Secret of the Jews, M. Brushtein

Chapter 5. Tied by One Net

All that exists is connected with each other so that one follows the other, and furthermore, one comes and is born from another. Everything is tied in one knot and is a total being, which can attain perfection only if it has absolutely all the details.

Unity Is the Goal of Nature

All the leaders turn to their people with ideas of unity. These ideas are always welcomed by everyone. The problem is that the unification that they offer is often aimed at defeating someone or overcoming something. What’s wrong with that?

The fact is that by defeating someone or overcoming something, we come to disunity and/or disintegration on the other levels. The examples are not hard to find. Any war, even the most liberating, causes casualties. That’s how it has been, it is also happening today. We are not able to forecast the consequences of our unification.

We are united by nature according to its own program. This process began after the Big Bang, and continues to this day. The tendency to unite permeates the whole of humanity. This is known to many people; there is much talk about it, especially today, but we do not make conclusions and do not want to make them.

“With all the options we have the inexorable trend of human evolution from the era of societies to the era of super-societies.” (Alexander Zinoviev, Towards Supersociety)

We continue to live by our own interests, which are not necessarily the same, if I may say so, as the interests of nature. Where does this confidence come from? Everything is quite simple. We never even try to take into account these “natural interests.” In fact, what interests can nature have? It is not only silly to talk, but even to think about.

We must unite because this is the directive of Nature, and Nature itself must help us with this. in the second part of the book, we discuss in great detail the method of unity, which is based on the laws of nature. Now, let’s put the question bluntly – why do we need to unite? Where can we see the benefits of such unity in life?

We can learn something about the benefits of unity from a story that took place in 1968.

Then, the American nuclear submarine Scorpion disappeared under strange circumstances. The last radio contact with the Scorpion was on the 21st of May when the submarine was located 400 miles northwest of the Azores, five days before her scheduled return to the Naval Station at Norfolk. There were 99 crew members onboard.

A search took place in the zone with a radius of twenty miles and to a depth of more than a thousand meters.

One of the naval officers, John Craven, proposed applying an unusual way to calculate the coordinates of the submarine. He gathered a group, consisting of mathematicians, divers, rescue workers and other professionals.

The group was given all the known information about the submarine. The information was quite sparse and nobody knew the main thing: what happened to the boat, what its speed was and what course it took.

The essence of Craven’s technique was as follows. The group organized joint discussions, where they played out various scenarios of what had happened.

At the final stage of discussion, each participant offered his version of what happened. Craven gathered all the scenarios and assembled a collective forecast of the coordinates of the submarine, which, incidentally, did not coincide with any scenario.

Five months passed. The sunken submarine was discovered at a depth of 3,000 meters. The location of the boat turned out to be only 183.4 meters away from the point that Craven’s group indicated.

Conclusion: individually, each member knew nothing, at the same time, the group knew everything. Group, collective consciousness is higher than the consciousness of a single individual.

“The disconcerting enigmas which in nature we call caprice, and in human life chance, are splinters of a law revealed to us in glimpses.” (Victor Hugo, The Man Who Laughs)
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The Secret Of The Ten Tribes, Part 6

Dr. Michael LaitmanQuestion: If people have attained the level of the Temple, how can the memory of such a high connection suddenly disappear?

Answer: Love passes and hate comes along. The force of the Light that sustains this altruistic state, this connection, disappears.

It was attained by the help of the Light and the moment it ceases to illuminate, the descent and fall are immediate and we don’t remember anything at all, as if it never existed.

This is the descent and fall after the destruction of the First Temple. First begins the Babylonian exile and Nebuchadnezzar comes and takes the ten tribes so only two tribes are left.

Question: Why does he take them? Why do these ten tribes disappear?

Answer: This, in principle, will be discovered in the future, but anyway, it is essential that they totally dissolve within humanity. They carry the principle of “love thy friend as thyself” without knowing it, and they will return. In these sparks were sown the seeds of love that were planted in humanity and will spread all over the earth, as well as in the Babylonians.

Question: So again there is an encounter between Abraham and Nimrod with Babylon.

Answer: Yes, but it isn’t the same Abraham. He has fallen to the level of Babylon and therefore they can connect to him. And therein lies the spiritual potential in him that gradually leads to the development of people and the development of nations on the ordinary corporeal level.

It isn’t only a technical process, but also scientific, artistic, pedagogical, and literary. In short, it affects every process of society. The ten tribes set this process in motion, since after the fall from the spiritual level, they still have the urge for advancing forward and developing. Thus they develop all of humanity.

But they develop it in a very interesting way. We can discover them among the great inquisitors, great religious leaders, and among great scientists who seemingly have no connection at all to Jews. We just need to dig a bit more deeply.

The Babylonians still exist according to the simple principle of let me live peacefully. Let me turn on my TV set in my own apartment and give me something to eat and that’s it, I don’t need anything else.

This is Babylon. However, the invoking stimuli that won’t let a person wallow himself is the result of the ten tribes that spread all over the world.

It cannot be any other way. Where will progress stem from if not from an urge that is aimed upward? The inclination to science, literature, art, and self-expression also stems from the desire to attain the Creator, but through an egoistic desire not focused on love and bestowal beyond the self, but which is expressed by self-love.

After the destruction of the First Temple, the ten tribes began to do their job on the general accepted level and the two tribes that were left, which symbolize the nation of Israel, kept on advancing in their ascent above the ego.
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From KabTV’s “Babylon Yesterday and Today” 9/03/14, Part 5

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The Essential Secret Of The Jews, Part 66

From the book The Essential Secret of the Jews, M. Brushtein

Love Will Defeat Crisis

3. On the planet, there is a strange people that were created during the very first crisis in the Babylonian civilization. The principle of “love thy neighbor as thyself,” on the basis of which this people was created, everyone likes, but no one can realize.

About the laws, there is nothing more to add. They speak for themselves for they are visible in their own nature, and appear to teach not impiety, but the truest piety in the world. They do not make men hate one another, but encourage people to communicate what they have to one another freely; they are enemies to injustice, they take care of righteousness, they banish idleness and expensive living, and instruct men to be content with what they have, and to be laborious in their calling; they forbid men to make war from a desire of getting more, but make men courageous in defending the laws; they are inexorable in punishing malefactors; they admit no sophistry of words, but are always established by actions themselves, which actions we ever propose as surer demonstrations than what is contained in writing only: on which account I am so bold as to say that we are become the teachers of other men, in the greatest number of things. (Flavius Josephus, Jewish historian,  Against Apion)

This nation has a national identity and self-esteem; it does not lose heart and works, and wants to live like others, in close brotherly friendship with everyone.” (Maxim Gorky, Russian Soviet writer)

To them we owe the idea of equality before the law, both divine and human; of the sanctity of life and the dignity of human persons; of the individual conscience and so a personal redemption; of collective conscience and so of social responsibility; of peace as an abstract ideal and love as the foundation of justice, and many other items which constitute the basic moral furniture of the human mind. Without Jews it might have been a much emptier place. (Paul Johnson, English journalist and popular historian, A History of the Jews)

4. Anti-Semitism, an aversion to the “strange” people, is a phenomenon that has no rational explanation.

It is enough to see oneself a Jew in a dream to make the most cheerful subject shudder in dread and send impotent curses to fate.” (Mikhail E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, 1826 – 1889, one of Russia’s greatest satirists).

Anti-Semitism is contained in the genes. German scientists have found that the level of anti-Semitism in certain states of Germany has not changed for centuries.

The highest percentage of anti-Jewish sentiments today —it is shared by 30-38% of the population—is noted where the strongest pogroms took place in the 19th and 20th centuries, and in 1938. (7Kanal, Israel).

The year 2012 was called in the report: the “year of unprecedented violence against Jews in France.” There were 614 anti-Semitic incidents, compared to 389 of such cases in 2011. (7Kanal, Israel).
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The Essential Secret Of The Jews, Part 65

From the book The Essential Secret of the Jews, M. Brushtein

A Crisis Cannot Be Accidental

So, what have we learned? Initial theses:

  1. We live in a world that is “accidental,” continuously integrates [References] or, if you like, compresses humanity.
  2. Accidentally and at the same time regularly humanity finds itself in crises.
  3. On the planet, there is a “strange” people that was created during the very first crisis. The principle of “love thy neighbor as thyself,” on the basis of which this people was created, everyone likes, but no one can realize it.
  4. Anti-Semitism – an aversion to the “strange” people – is a phenomenon that has no rational explanation.

Now, each item’s details

1 We live in a world that is “accidentally” continuously integrates1 or, if you like, compresses humanity.

“World history would indeed be very easy to make, if the struggle were taken up only on condition of infallibly favorable chances. It would, on the other hand, be of a very mystical nature, if ‘accidents’ played no part. These accidents themselves fall naturally into the general course of development and are compensated again by other accidents.”  (Karl Marx, Letter to Dr. Ludwig Kugelmann, 1871)

“The whole history of science has been the gradual realization that events do not happen in an arbitrary manner, but that they reflect a certain underlying order, which may or may not be divinely inspired.” (Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time)

“Nothing in nature can happen by chance. Everything is subject to fixed laws. These laws are only the necessary connection of certain effects with their causes. One atom of matter cannot meet another by chance; this meeting is the effect of permanent laws, which cause every being necessarily to act as it does, and hinder it from acting otherwise, in given circumstances. To talk of the fortuitous concourse of atoms, or to attribute some effects to chance, is merely saying that we are ignorant of the laws, by which bodies act, meet, combine, or separate.” (Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron d’Holbach, French-German author, philosopher, encyclopaedist and prominent figure in the French Enlightenment)

2 Accidentally and at the same time regularly humanity finds itself in crises.

“It is enough to mention the commercial crises that by their periodical return put the existence of the entire bourgeois society on its trial, each time more threateningly.” (Karl Marx, Manifesto of the Communist Party)

“It appears that crises, like diseases, are one of the conditions of the existence of those societies where trade and industry are prevalent. One can predict them, alleviate them, delay them up to a certain moment, one can facilitate the recovery of economic activities; but it has turned to be impossible to eliminate them notwithstanding all the possible methods that have been applied.” (Clément Juglar, French doctor and statistician)

Crises accompany the entire history of human society. At first, they were manifested as crises of underproduction of agricultural products, from the middle of the 19th century as “under-consumption,” associated with an imbalance between industrial production and effective demand.

Until the 20th century, a crisis was confined to one, two or three countries. Later, it began to acquire an international character, as through competition and reciprocity, the development of trade created favorable conditions for spreading. (Economic Dictionary)

(To be continued in the next segment.)

1 Integration (from Latin Integer – complete, whole, intact) is a process or action that has resulted in integrity, association, union, restoration of unity. (Philosophical Dictionary)
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